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About Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard deposits formed from minerals and salts that develop inside the kidneys. They can cause severe pain, discomfort, and urinary problems when they move through the urinary tract.
At IMG Healthcare, we offer advanced minimally invasive and laser-assisted treatments for kidney stone management, helping patients achieve safe and effective relief with faster recovery.
We provide modern procedures such as RIRS, PCNL, URSL, and ESWL for kidney stone removal, depending on the size, location, and severity of the stones.
What are Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones (renal calculi) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can vary in size and may affect the urinary tract, kidneys, and bladder, often causing severe pain.
In some small cases, kidney stones may pass naturally through urine with increased fluid intake. However, larger stones may require medical treatment for safe removal.
How are Kidney Stones Formed?
Kidney stones form when the concentration of waste substances in the urine becomes too high and there is not enough fluid to dilute them. These substances can crystallize and gradually form stones inside the kidneys.
They may also develop due to an excess of certain minerals and salts in the body, such as calcium, oxalate, or uric acid. Over time, these crystals stick together and grow into stones.
Other contributing factors include frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs), dehydration, a high intake of animal protein, and certain dietary or lifestyle habits.
Types of Kidney Stones:
Calcium
Stones
Struvite Stones
Cystine Stones
Uric Acid Stones
Causes of Kidney Stones
Symptoms of Kidney Stones
Kidney stones can develop due to various dietary, medical, and lifestyle factors. Common causes include:
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Not drinking enough water (dehydration)
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High intake of salt, sugar, or animal protein
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Excess calcium, oxalate, or uric acid in the urine
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
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Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
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Family history of kidney stones
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Certain medical conditions affecting metabolism or digestion
Kidney stones may not cause symptoms until they start moving within the kidney or pass into the ureter. Common symptoms include:
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Severe pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen
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Pain that comes in waves and varies in intensity
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Pain or burning sensation during urination
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Frequent urge to urinate
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Blood in urine (pink, red, or brown color)
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Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
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Nausea and vomiting
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Fever and chills (if infection is present)
DIAGNOSIS
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Imaging tests – Ultrasound, X-ray, or CT scan may be used to locate stones and assess their size and position in the urinary tract.
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Blood tests – Help check levels of calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, and electrolytes that may contribute to stone formation.
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine test – Evaluates kidney function by measuring waste levels in the blood.
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Urinalysis – Examines urine for crystals, infection, blood, or other substances that may indicate kidney stones or urinary tract infection.
Post-Operative Care for Kidney Stones
After kidney stone treatment or surgery, proper care is important for fast recovery and to prevent recurrence. Follow these guidelines:
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Drink plenty of water
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Take prescribed medicines
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Avoid food high in salt or calcium
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Maintain a low-fat kidney stones diet
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Eat less animal protein
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Don’t consume alcohol
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No Vitamin C supplements
How to Prevent Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones can often be prevented by following healthy lifestyle and dietary habits:
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Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep urine diluted
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Reduce salt intake in your daily diet
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Limit consumption of animal protein
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Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
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Maintain a healthy body weight through regular exercise
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Avoid excessive intake of vitamin C supplements unless prescribed
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Limit foods high in oxalate (such as spinach and certain nuts, if advised by your doctor)
KIDNEY STONE SPECIALISTS DOCTORS
Dr. ABCD
MBBS,
10 yrs of experience
Dr. ABCD
MBBS,
10 yrs of experience
Dr. ABCD
MBBS,
10 yrs of experience
Types of Kidney Stone Surgery
Kidney stone treatment depends on the size, location, and severity of the stones. Common surgical and minimally invasive procedures include:
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ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy): Uses shock waves to break stones into smaller pieces that can pass naturally through urine.
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URSL (Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy): A thin scope is inserted through the urinary tract to locate and remove or break stones.
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RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery): A flexible scope is passed through the urinary tract into the kidney to break stones using laser technology.
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PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy): A minimally invasive procedure where a small incision is made in the back to remove large kidney stones directly.